What is Heat Stroke or Sunstroke and How to Recover it?

What is Heat Stroke?

Heat Stroke. (Photo credit Pexels)

Heat stroke is a condition of body overheating which is usually produced after prolonged physical exertion in high temperatures. Heat stroke is also known as Sunstroke which may occur when heat regulating mechanism of body fails and body temperature rises from normal temperature 98.6^oF (37^oC) to above 106^oF (41.2^oC). At this stage, cell proteins start to cook and death often occurs beyond 110^oF (43.3^oC). Heat stroke can be fatal if not properly preserved as it damages permanently vital organs of body like Liver, Brain, and Bladder etc. The killing ratio of heat stroke is 10% of its victims. Heat stroke occurs absolutely due to environmental heat exposure with lack of thermo-regulation.

Causes of Heat Stroke

Heat stroke can cause due to:

•    Extreme high temperature sometimes 106^oF (41.2^oC).

•    Hard physical exertion under the sun.

•    Dehydration.

•    When heat regulating mechanism of body fails.

Heatstroke Symptoms

The main symptoms of heat stroke are:

•    Skin redness, skin becomes hot and dry

•    Severe Headache

•    Muscles pain or weakness

•    Staggering gait

•    Confusion

•    Irritability and aggressiveness

•    Delirium

•    Coma

•   Change of pulse from full bounding to rapid slow which is a grave danger signal

Heat Stroke Treatment and Recovery

What happens when you have a heat stroke?

As mentioned above, heat stroke occurs when body is overheated, so it is necessary to cool the patient’s body as soon as possible. Apply these measures for treatment and recovery of heat stroke:

•    Lay down the patient in shadow immediately.

•    Stripe off all clothing.

•    Provide fan air continuously to the patient.

•    Wash the body of patient with cool water and wrap with wet towel.

•    Give the patient small dips of water if he is still conscious.

•    Call for medical help if it seems to be not recoverable.

Heat Stroke Prevention

Heat stroke or sunstroke can be prevented by taking these measures:

Purified and cool water about 2 gallons or more be intake daily.

During summer season, deficiency of salt occurs in our body which may cause heat stroke or heat exhaustion. This deficiency can be met by adding ordinary salt in proportion of 2 teaspoons full with each gallon of water.

Wear loose and light-weight clothes especially during summers.

Protect your body against sunburn.

Drink plenty of fluids during summers.

Never leave any child or elder in a parked car.

Take a full rest and sleep of 8 hours at night and during day time, maximum period should be spent under the shade in cool places.

Take a cool shower or bath daily in summers, at least one bath a day is essential.

The people who are much sensitive, must always use Amber colored glasses while walking in sunshine but not use these glasses indoor.

Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is a sign of heatstroke which is caused by depletion of ‘Water’ and ‘Salt’ in the body. Our body contains about 70% of water which may decrease due to dehydration, thirst or continuous hard physical exertion under the sun. This results in heat stroke or sunstroke.

Heat Exhaustion Symptoms

Main symptoms of heat exhaustion due to ‘Depletion of Water and Salt’ are:-

•    Exhaustion, tiredness and anxiety
•    Dizziness and Headache
•    Vomiting and Stomach ache
•    Fast breathing or grasping for air
•    Lack of Appetite
•    Rapid weak pulse
•    Normal or raised body temperature
•    Scantly and highly colored urine
•    Moist and Damp skin
•    Little or no sweating
•    Decreased conscious level leading to collapse and flop
•    Shivering, with goose pimples on hot skin

Heat Exhaustion Treatment

If heat exhaustion occur due to depletion of water and salt, following guidelines will help you to handle any untoward situation:

•    Stop exercise, working or walking

•    Move under the shadow

•    Drink water slowly and in frequent dips

•    To recover salt depletion, drink water slowly about one liter with ORS or salted water.

Heat Exhaustion Recovery

Continuous intake of fluids and water will recover heat exhaustion quickly. If these measures are not taken at first symptom, this condition may lead to fatal outcome.

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